Welcome to Mrs.G's Web Site

Have fun learning science with a crazy teacher!

Web page Directory

8th grade curriculum
7th grade curriculum
Student Info page
Parent Signature pg
7th grade parent page
8th grade parent page
Science Fair
Thoughts to share
Helpful Links
E-mail

Bibliographies (Works Cited) MLA Style

General Rules
• The first line of each entry must begin at the left margin.
• All additional lines of an entry are to be indented 1/2 inch.
• Double space within and between entries.
• List entries in alphabetical order by the first word, with the exception of a, an and the. If an author is given, the author’s last name will be the first word.
• Put a period and two spaces between the author(s) (when given) and the title.
• Put a colon and two spaces between the city where the book is published and the publisher.
• Put a comma and two spaces between the publisher and the date published.

Bibliography Notes: Printed Sources
Include all the necessary information about the sources you used so that you, or anyone else would be able to trace the information sources.

Author(s) (last name, first name) Article title (underlined) Selection title (in quotations)
• (if from an anthology) • (if from an article in a reference book)
• (if a title of an article in a magazine, journal or newspaper)
Publisher Place and date of publication Editor(s) Government
• (if a govenrnment publication) Agency • (if a government publication)

Book Format
Give the author(s) name, if known. Underline the book title. Include the editor, if any, the city of publication, the publisher, the copyright date, and chapter pages, if from an anthology.
Examples

One author
Allen, Thomas. Vanishing Wildlife of North America. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1974.

Two or three authors
Searles, Baird and Martin Last. A Readers Guide To Science Fiction. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1979.

More than three authors
Brandes, Kathleen, et al. Vanishing Species. New York:Time Life Books, 1976.

Single selection from an anthology of works by several different authors
Poe, Edgar Allen. “The Raven.” Selected Stories & Poems. Ed. Joseph Wood Kruth. Danbury: Grolier Enterprises, 1978.

No author or editor given
The Judgment. London: Inter-Varsity Fellowship, 1976.

Corporate author
United States Capitol Society. We, the People: The Story of the United States Capitol. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Soc., 1964.

A work with more than one volume
Smith, Page. A New Age Now Begins. 2 vols. New York: McGraw, 1976.

A work with an editor
Dresser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. Ed. Kenneth S. Lynn. New York: Rinehart, 1959.

Government Publication Format
Give the author(s) name, if known. If the author, is not known, start with the government and the agency that issued the publication. Follow with the underlined title of the publication, and the place and date of publication.
Example:
United States Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Statistics. Dictionary of Occupational Titles .4th. ed.. Washington: GPO, 1977.

Encyclopedia Format
Give author name, if known, then the article title in quotation marks, Add the underlined encyclopedia title and the date of the edition.
Examples
Signed Encyclopedia Article
Pettingill, Olin Sewall, Jr. “Falcon and Falconry” World Book Encyclopedia. 1980 ed.

Unsigned Encyclopedia article
”Sitting bull.” Encyclopedia Americana 1991 ed.

On-line Searching
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Sites
To cite files available for downloading via ftp, give the author’s name (if known), the full title of the paper in quotation marks, and the address of the ftp site along with the full path to follow to find the paper. Include the date of access.
Example:
Bruckman, Amy. “Approaches to Managing Deviant Behavior in Virtual Communities.”
ftp.media.mit.edu pub/asb/papers/deviance-chi94 (4 Dec. 1994).

WWW Sites (World Wide Web)(Available via Lynx, Netscape, Other Web Browsers)
To cite files available for viewing and/or downloading via the World Wide Web, give the author’s name (if known), the full title of the work in quotation marks, the title of the complete work in italics, the full http address, and the date of the visit.
Example:
Burka, Lauren P. “A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions.” MUD History.
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/lpb/mud-history.html (5 Dec. 1994).

Telnet Sites (Sites and Files available via the telnet protocol)
List the author’s name, the title of the paper (in quotes), any print publication information, and the telnet protocol address, including the date the file was accessed.
Example:
Gomes, Lee. “Xerox’s On-Line Neighborhood: A Great Place to Visit.” Mercury News
May 1992. telnet lambda.parc.xerox.com 8888, @go #50827, press13 (5 Dec.1994).

Synchronous Communications (MOOs, MUDs, IRC, etc.)
Give the name of the speaker(s) and type of communication (i.e., personal interview) Include the URL address. Put the date of access in parentheses.
Examples:
Pine_Guest. Personal Interview. telnet world.sensemedia.net 1234 (12 Dec. 1994).
WorldMOO Christmas Party. telnet world.sensemedia.net 1234 (24 Dec. 1994).

GOPHER Sites (Information available via gopher search protocols)
For information found using gopher search protocols, list the author’s name, the title of the paper (in quotation marks), any print publication information, and the gopher search path followed to access the information, including the date that the file was accessed.
Example:
Quittner, Joshua. “Far Out: Welcome to Their World Built of Mud.” Published in Newsday, 7 Nov. 1993. gopher /University of Koeln/About MUDs, MOOs and MUSEs in Education/Selected Papers/newsday (5 Dec. 1994).

E-mail, Listserv, and Newslist Citations
Give the author’s name (if known), the subject line from the posting in quotation marks, and the address of the listserv or newslist, along with the date. For personal e-mail lstings, the address may be omitted.
Examples
Bruckman, Amy S. “MOOSE Crossing Proposal.” mediamoo@media.mit.edu (20 Dec.1994).

Seabrook, Richard H. C. “Community and Progress.” cybermind@Jefferson.village.Virginia.edu (22 Jan. 1994).

Computer Software
The new MLA rules generally treat electronic materials as if they were printed texts which require additional information to be fully described. When a printed source has served as the basis of an electronic text, the works cited listing begins with the traditional bibliographic data about the printed text and concludes with data about the electronic version’s title, format, availability, etc.
When no printed source exists, MLA rules still treat the electronic material much as if it were printed. Guidelines developed for printed texts are then modified to the new digital environment in which the material is found.Implicit in the new rules is a basic template for most electronic citations. The fullest possible entry contains some of the following items depending on whether the medium is CD-ROM, laserdisk or on-line:

• Author’s name
• Publication data as it would be cited for bibliographies of printed material
• Title of electronic material if it differs from the print publication title
• Title of database (underlined)
• Media format, i.e., CD-ROM, laserdisk, disk, etc.
• Database editor’s name, if given
• Edition, release or version date
• Publisher, place, and date of publication of the electronic material and/or network serviceprovider
• Date of latest update for portable sources.
• Date of access for online sources
• Availability, which for MLA means access mode: Telnet, FTP,
• Gopher, E-MAIL, HTTP, etc. Give the URL (uniform resource locator) address

Examples:
Richards, Bryan M. and Melanie E. Lombard. PC Globe. Educational Software Publishing, 1990.
Where In the World Is Carmen San Diego? Deluxe ed. CD-ROM. Novato: Broderbund, 1992.
The CIA World Fact book. CD-ROM. Minneapolis: Quanta, 1998.

CD-ROM Encyclopedia
Known author
Smith, Robert Leo. “Endangered Species.” Microsoft Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. .CD-ROM. New York: Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia,1993.

Unknown author
“Endangered Species.” The 1995 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1995 ed. NewYork: Grolier Electronic Publishing CO., 1995.

Periodical Information on CD-ROM
* For periodicals on CD, include the date when the article first appeared in print format as well as the date it was published on CD-ROM.
Examples:
Angier, Natalie, “Chemists Learn Whay Vegetables Are Good For You.” New York Times, 13 Apr. 1993, late ed.: Cl. New York Times On disc. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest Oct. 1993.
Shearson Lehman Brothers, Inc. “Reebock: Company Report.” 29 July 1993.
Russo, Michelle Cash. “Recovering from Bibliographic Instruction Blahs.” RQ: Reference Quarterly (1992): 178-83. Infotrac Magazine Index Plus. CD-ROM.Information Access.Dec.1993.


Magazines, journals, newspapers & pamphlets format samples
Give the author name, if known. Put the the article title, in quotation marks. Underline the name of the magazine, (or newspaper or pamphlet). Give the issue date, and article page number(s).
Examples

Signed articles in a weekly magazine or journal
Kanfer, Stefan. “Heard Any Good Books Lately?” Time 21 July 1986: 71.

Unsigned article in a weekly magazine or journal
“America on Drugs.” Newsweek 28 July 1986: 48-50.

Signed article in a monthly magazine or journal
Heinreich, Bernd. “Why Is a Robin’s Egg Blue?” Audubon July 1986: 64-71.

Signed newspaper article
Kalette, Denise. “California Town Counts Down to a Big Quake.” USA Today 21 July 1986, sec. A: 1.

Unsigned newspaper editorial or story
“A School Year Without a Strike.” Chicago Tribune. 22 July 1986, sec. 1: 10.

An advertisement
Acura. Advertisement. Rolling Stone. 16 May 1996: 8-9.
IBM. Advertisement. CNN. 4 May 1996.

Signed pamphlet
Laird, Jean E. “The Metrics Are Coming.” Burlington, Iowa: National Research Bureau, 1976.

Pamphlet with no author, publisher, or date
Pedestrian Safety. [United States]: n.p., n.d.
*Note: list country of publication [in brackets] if known.

Media Materials Samples
Give the underlined title of the program. Give the medium, and the author, if available. Include the director, distributor or producer, and the year of the production (or n.d. for no date) and the length.


Videotapes, Laser disks, S.S., slide programs & sound recordings
Examples
The Grizzlies. Videocassette. National Geographic Video, 1987. 60 min.

Survey of the Animal Kingdom: The Invertebrates. Laser disk. By J.L. Wozniak and
C. R. Belinsky. Educational Images, 1985. 17,589 still images: 30 min. full motion video.

Alzheimer’s Disease. Sound filmstrip. Prod. Hospital Satellite Network.
American Journal of Nursing, n.d. 4 filmstrips, 4 audio cassettes.

Wahlberg, Mark. “Wild Side.” Music For the People. CUD. Perf. by Mark Wahlberg.
Prod. and arr. Donnie Wahlberg, 791737-2, 1991.

Eliot, T.S. Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats. Audiotape. Read by John Gielgud and Irene Worth. Caedmon, TC 1060, 1956.

Television and Radio Programs
Put the episode title, in quotation marks. Underline the program title when it is given. Include the writers, directors, narrators and producers, if available. Give the series title, if applicable, the local
station call letters, the city of broadcast and the broadcast date.
Examples
“Winds of Change.” Race To Save the Planet. Writ. by Rachel Gromke and Manuel Estanca. Dir. Patricia Benson. Narr. Meryl Streep. Prod. Worldwatch Institute.PBS. KPBS, San Diego. 16 Feb. 1988.

The First Americans. Writ. and prod. Craig Fisher. Narr. Hugh Downs. NBC NewsSpecial, KNBC, Los Angeles. 21 Mar. 1991.

Interviews (Broadcast TV/Radio)
Name the person interviewed. State that it is an interview. Underline the program title, if any. Include the name of the interviewer, if available. Give the name of the director, producer or distributor, the station city and the date of the interview broadcast.
Examples
Johnson, Magic. Interview. The Arsenio Hall Show. Fox. KCOP, Los Angeles. 27 Nov.1991.

Morrison, Toni. Interview. All Things Considered. Natl. Public Radio, KPBS, San Diego.
16 Feb. 1986.

Interviews (Published or Recorded)
Name the person interviewed. State that it is an interview. Underline the publication or recording title, if any. Include the name of the interviewer, if available. Give the name of the director, producer, or distributor. Give the issue date and the article page numbers or recording length.
Examples
Wolfe, Tom. Interview. “The Wrong Stuff. “ American Architecture. Videocassette. Dir. Tom Bettag. Carousel Films.

Duke, David. Interview. “Swing To the Right.” Time 27 Nov. 1991, 24-26.

Interviews (In Person)
Name the person interviewed. State if it is a personal interview, or a telephone interview. Then give the date of the interview.
Examples
Nguyen, My. Personal interview. 24 Nov. 1991.
Rodriguez, Miguel. Telephone interview. 8 March 1991.

Maps and Charts
Underline the title or subject. State whether it’s a map or a Chart. Give the place of publication followed by the publisher and the Date..
Examples
South America. Map. Chicago: Rand, 1987.
Relative Population Densities. Chart. New York: Worldwatch Institute, 1990.